What are the symptoms of multiple myeloma?

Myeloma affects plasma cells in the bone marrow. Changes in bone can cause Persistent Bone Pain, often in the back, ribs, hips, or skull, and can make bones more fragile. Crowded marrow may reduce healthy blood-cell production, leading to Persistent Fatigue, breathlessness on exertion, bruising, or infections. Changes in blood chemistry can cause thirst, frequent urination, constipation, nausea, or confusion. These symptoms have other possible causes and need testing for clarification.

Seek an assessment for ongoing bone pain, unusual tiredness, repeated infections, or changes in thirst and urination. Tests may include blood and urine checks, imaging, and sometimes a bone-marrow sample. Depending on the findings, care may involve Bone-Strengthening Therapy, Radiotherapy, an Autologous Stem Cell Transplant, or CAR T-Cell Therapy.

Get emergency help for sudden severe back pain with leg weakness or numbness, loss of bladder or bowel control, new confusion, inability to stand, or a suspected fracture. These signs can indicate Spinal Cord Compression or another urgent effect on the bones and nerves.

Could my pain or fatigue be related to bone-marrow changes? Which blood, urine, or imaging tests are needed? How can fractures be prevented? Which symptoms require same-day help?