What are the symptoms of head and neck cancer?

Possible changes include a mouth ulcer or patch that persists, pain in the mouth or throat, trouble chewing or swallowing, a sensation that food sticks, or ongoing hoarseness. Some people notice a lump in the neck, an earache without a clear ear problem, reduced hearing, nasal blockage, recurrent nosebleeds, facial numbness, or loose teeth. Symptoms vary because this group includes cancers of the mouth, throat, voice box, nose, and nearby structures.

These signs also occur with infections, irritation, dental problems, reflux, and other non-cancer conditions. Head and Neck Cancer information can help you understand the areas involved; HPV Infection is one possible associated condition.

Book an assessment for a mouth or throat symptom, neck lump, voice change, swallowing problem, or sore that persists or is getting worse. Note its location, duration, triggers, smoking or vaping exposure, dental symptoms, and any weight or appetite change. A clinician may examine the mouth, throat, ears, and neck and arrange further tests. Support with eating and drinking may be needed if swallowing is difficult.

Seek emergency help for difficulty breathing, rapidly increasing swelling of the mouth or neck, inability to swallow fluids, uncontrolled bleeding, or sudden severe weakness. Prompt assessment is also appropriate for new swallowing difficulty with coughing or choking, because protecting the airway and maintaining hydration may require immediate support.

Which area needs examination? Could dental, throat, or imaging tests clarify the cause? How can I maintain nutrition if swallowing is painful? If cancer is diagnosed, might Tumour Removal Surgery, Neck Dissection, Chemotherapy, or Immunotherapy be discussed?