What are the symptoms of hand osteoarthritis?

Pain may build during activities that load the hand, such as opening jars, turning keys, typing, or gripping tools. Stiffness is often more noticeable after sleep or a period of inactivity and may ease as the hand moves. Affected joints can look swollen or knobbly, and the skin may feel tender when pressed. Some people notice grinding or a less smooth movement. Symptoms can affect the end joints of the fingers, the middle joints, or the thumb base; they do not have to appear in every joint.

Hand osteoarthritis is one possible explanation for finger stiffness or a weak grip. Symptoms alone cannot confirm the cause, because injuries and other joint conditions can produce similar changes.

Track which joints hurt, which tasks trigger symptoms, and whether stiffness lasts after rest. Gentle movement through a comfortable range can help preserve function; avoid forcing a painful joint or holding a tight grip for long periods. A clinician may examine the joints and hand strength, then decide whether imaging or treatment is useful. Options can include hand therapy, activity adjustments, splinting, or medicine selected for your health history.

Arrange an assessment if pain, swelling, or stiffness keeps returning, limits work or self-care, or gradually reduces finger movement. Seek prompt medical attention for a suddenly hot, very swollen joint, marked redness, fever, a severe injury, or a finger that becomes pale, blue, numb, or difficult to move.

Which joints appear affected, and could another condition explain the symptoms? What hand movements should I practise or modify? Would hand therapy, anti-inflammatory medication, an injection, or a splint suit my situation?