What are the symptoms of common cold?

A cold affects the upper airways. Nasal congestion or a runny nose may come first, followed by an itchy or sore throat, sneezing and cough. Mucus can make the voice hoarse, while fever, headache, aches and tiredness may accompany the infection. Smell can be temporarily reduced when the nose is blocked. Symptoms often change over several days, and a cough can linger after other features improve. Laryngitis or a middle-ear infection can sometimes develop as related problems.

Rest, drink fluids regularly and choose simple foods if your appetite is low. Saline nasal spray, warm drinks and honey for adults and children over one year may soothe symptoms. Paracetamol or ibuprofen may help pain or fever when suitable for you; follow the product instructions and check with a pharmacist if you take other medicines. Wash hands and avoid sharing cups while unwell.

Seek urgent help for severe breathing difficulty, chest pain, blue lips, confusion, dehydration or unusual drowsiness. Contact a clinician if fever is persistent or severe, symptoms worsen after initial improvement, ear pain develops, or the illness is not settling. Babies, older adults and people with long-term conditions may need earlier advice.

Ask whether your symptoms fit a cold or another infection, which medicines are safe with your health conditions, and when you should return if the cough, fever or ear symptoms continue.