What are the symptoms of chickenpox?

Early symptoms may include fever, tiredness, headache, reduced appetite, or feeling generally unwell. The rash often begins on the chest, back, or face and then appears elsewhere, including the scalp, mouth, or genital area. New spots can appear while older ones are already blistering or crusting, so the rash may show several stages at once. Blisters are usually itchy and can become sore if scratched. Scratching may break the skin and allow bacterial infection. The illness is contagious from before the rash appears until the spots have crusted, so avoid close contact with people who may be vulnerable. See [Skin Blisters](/symptoms/skin-blisters/) and [Rash With Fever](/symptoms/rash-with-fever/) for related symptoms.

Keep fingernails short, use loose clothing, and avoid scratching or picking blisters. A cool bath and gentle drying may soothe irritation. A clinician or pharmacist can advise whether an oral antihistamine is suitable for itch; read about [Antihistamine Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/oral-antihistamine-therapy/). Drink fluids and rest. Keep away from school, work, and close contact until every blister has crusted, following local health advice. Do not give aspirin to a child with a suspected viral illness. A GP consultation can confirm the diagnosis and discuss antiviral treatment for people who may benefit.

Contact a clinician promptly if the person with chickenpox is an infant, pregnant, immunocompromised, or an adult with a significant illness. Seek urgent care for breathing difficulty, severe headache, confusion, repeated vomiting, a stiff neck, trouble walking, dehydration, or a rash involving the eye. Get medical advice if blisters become very red, hot, swollen, or painful, or if fever returns after improving. These changes can indicate a complication or a second infection. Ask about [Antiviral Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/antiviral-therapy/) rather than starting medicine without advice.

Does this rash fit chickenpox or another infection? How long should I avoid close contact? Is treatment needed because of age, pregnancy, or another health condition? Which symptoms require urgent review? Is vaccination appropriate for household contacts?