What are the symptoms of boils?

Boils begin around an infected hair follicle or an area of damaged skin. The first sign may be a firm, painful lump that feels warmer than the surrounding skin. It can enlarge, become softer in the middle, and collect pus beneath the surface. Nearby skin may become red and tight. Some boils open and drain on their own, while others remain closed and increasingly uncomfortable. Several connected boils can form a larger inflamed area. A boil in the armpit, groin, face, or near the spine deserves particular care because swelling there can affect movement or involve sensitive structures. See [Skin Lumps](/symptoms/skin-lumps/) and [Painful Skin](/symptoms/skin-pain/) for related symptoms.

Apply a clean, warm, damp cloth for short periods to encourage comfort and natural drainage. Keep the area covered with a fresh dressing if it opens, wash your hands after touching it, and do not share towels, razors, or clothing. Never squeeze, pierce, or cut a boil yourself, because this can push infection deeper or spread it to nearby skin. A clinician may recommend antibiotics for a skin infection when the surrounding infection or a person's health makes them appropriate. A large or persistent collection may need [Abscess Drainage](/treatments/minor-procedures/abscess-drainage/).

Seek medical advice if the lump is large, very painful, recurrent, not improving, or located on the face. Prompt assessment is needed when redness is spreading, red streaks appear, several boils develop, or fever and feeling unwell accompany the skin change. People with diabetes, reduced immunity, or medicines that affect immunity should seek advice early. Get urgent help for rapidly worsening swelling, severe pain, confusion, or difficulty moving the affected area. Do not wait for a boil to open before asking for care if symptoms are escalating.

Does this need drainage or a swab? Are antibiotics appropriate for me? How should I dress the area? Why might boils be recurring? What symptoms would mean the infection is spreading?