What are the risk factors for transient ischaemic attack?

A transient ischaemic attack occurs when part of the brain briefly receives too little blood, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve. High blood pressure can injure blood vessels, while atrial fibrillation can allow a clot to form in the heart and travel to the brain. Diabetes and high cholesterol can contribute to vessel disease. Smoking, heavy alcohol use, inactivity and excess weight may add further strain. Older age, family history and a previous transient ischaemic attack or stroke are factors that cannot be changed. These risks do not predict exactly who will have an event, but they show where prevention and review may help.

Ask a clinician to check blood pressure and review diabetes, cholesterol and heart rhythm when appropriate. Take prescribed medicines as directed and do not stop them because symptoms have disappeared. Stopping smoking, regular movement, a balanced diet and sensible alcohol limits can support vascular health. If you have atrial fibrillation, ask whether treatment to reduce clot formation is appropriate. Keep a record of new neurological symptoms and the time they began.

Call emergency services immediately for sudden weakness or numbness on one side, facial drooping, speech difficulty, confusion, vision loss, severe dizziness or loss of balance, even if the symptoms clear. A transient ischaemic attack is a warning event and cannot be safely diagnosed at home. Do not drive yourself or wait for a routine appointment; urgent assessment can identify causes and reduce the chance of a later stroke.

Could my blood pressure or heart rhythm be contributing? Which tests and medicines are appropriate after these symptoms? What should I do if an episode happens again?