What are the risk factors for premature ovarian insufficiency?

Premature ovarian insufficiency means the ovaries are not working consistently before the usual age of natural menopause. Chromosome or gene differences can affect ovarian development or egg supply. Turner syndrome is one example of a genetic condition associated with ovarian insufficiency.

The immune system can sometimes affect ovarian tissue, and autoimmune thyroid or adrenal disease may occur alongside ovarian problems. Surgery involving the ovaries can reduce ovarian tissue. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy may injure follicles. A family history of early loss of ovarian function can be useful context. In many people, testing does not identify a single cause.

Arrange an appointment if periods become irregular or stop, hot flushes develop, vaginal dryness appears, or conception is unexpectedly difficult. Bring details of menstrual changes, family history, previous ovarian surgery, cancer treatment and autoimmune conditions.

A clinician may discuss hormone tests, chromosome or gene testing, and assessment for related autoimmune conditions. If future fertility matters to you, ask for timely counselling because ovarian activity can be unpredictable. Support for bone, heart, sexual and emotional health may also form part of care.

Book medical assessment for repeated missed periods or new menopausal symptoms at a younger age, particularly after cancer treatment or ovarian surgery. Seek urgent help for severe pelvic pain, very heavy bleeding, fainting or a positive pregnancy test with pain or bleeding, as these need a different prompt assessment.

Ask whether your symptoms fit premature ovarian insufficiency, whether genetic or autoimmune testing is appropriate, how treatment may protect general health, and what fertility options or referrals should be considered now.