What are the risk factors for mastitis?

Mastitis is inflammation in breast tissue and can occur during breastfeeding. A blocked milk duct is a very common contributor. Milk may remain in part of the breast when a baby has difficulty attaching, feeds less often, or cannot drain the breast effectively. A poor latch can also injure the nipple, allowing bacteria from the skin or baby's mouth to enter through a break in the skin.

Other factors include a tight bra or clothing, pressure from sleeping on the breast, breast fullness from oversupply, and missing or shortening feeds. A sudden reduction in breastfeeding or pumping can leave the breasts overfull. Nipple piercings, eczema, or previous nipple cracking may also make skin breaks more likely. Having had mastitis before can increase the chance of another episode, particularly if the underlying feeding difficulty continues.

Offer feeds in response to your baby's cues and check that the mouth covers much of the darker skin around the nipple, rather than holding the nipple alone. Vary feeding positions if one area repeatedly feels full. Avoid firm massage or trying to forcefully empty the breast; these can worsen swelling. Use comfortable support, apply a cool pack for discomfort, and express only enough milk to relieve pressure if a feed is missed.

If latch pain, recurrent fullness, nipple injury, or oversupply is making feeding difficult, a lactation professional can watch a feed and suggest a gentler plan. Do not stop breastfeeding suddenly unless a clinician advises it; gradual changes can help prevent painful overfilling.

Contact a clinician promptly if a breast becomes increasingly red, hot, swollen, or painful, or if you develop fever, chills, body aches, or feel unwell. Seek urgent assessment for severe illness, rapidly spreading redness, a soft or fluid-filled lump, or symptoms that are not improving with supportive care. A clinician can check for infection or an abscess and decide whether treatment is needed. Breastfeeding is usually continued while advice is arranged, but follow the plan you are given.

Ask: Could my latch or feeding schedule be contributing? How can I reduce fullness without increasing milk production? Do my nipple cracks or skin condition need treatment? If this keeps returning, should we check for an abscess or another breast problem?