What are the risk factors for heart failure?

Heart failure develops when the heart muscle becomes weak, stiff, or overloaded. Long-standing high blood pressure makes the heart pump against greater resistance. A previous heart attack can leave damaged muscle, while coronary artery disease can reduce the heart's oxygen supply. Atrial fibrillation may make the heartbeat fast or irregular and reduce efficient filling. Diabetes, heart valve problems, inflammation of the heart muscle, kidney disease, excess weight, and heavy alcohol use can also increase strain. Risk is shaped by the combination of factors and by how well they are treated.

A clinician may discuss Atrial Fibrillation, Heart Failure, or Hypertension when assessing your cardiovascular health.

Have blood pressure, blood sugar, cholesterol, kidney function, and heart rhythm reviewed when appropriate. Take prescribed medicines as directed and ask before using anti-inflammatory pain medicines or supplements regularly, since some can affect fluid balance or blood pressure. Avoid smoking and limit alcohol. Gradual activity, healthy food choices, and treatment of sleep problems can support the heart. If you already have heart disease, ask for an individual plan rather than starting strenuous exercise suddenly.

Get emergency help for severe or rapidly worsening breathlessness, chest pain, fainting, blue or grey lips, or confusion. Contact a clinician promptly if you develop new breathlessness when lying down, rapidly increasing ankle swelling, a sudden increase in weight from fluid, or marked fatigue. These changes can signal fluid build-up or a rhythm problem and should not be managed by changing medicine on your own.

Which conditions are placing strain on my heart? Should my rhythm, kidney function, or valve function be checked? What changes in breathlessness or swelling should I report? Which medicines should I avoid?