What are the risk factors for bowel cancer?

Some bowel polyps can develop into cancer over time, which is why removal and follow-up may be recommended. Inherited conditions such as familial adenomatous polyposis and Lynch syndrome can raise risk, as can a close family history of bowel cancer or certain polyps.

Long-standing inflammatory bowel disease may affect risk. Smoking, alcohol use, excess body weight, and low physical activity can also contribute. These factors do not confirm cancer, and people without an obvious risk factor can still develop it.

Tell a clinician about bowel cancer in relatives, previous polyps, inflammatory bowel disease, and any inherited diagnosis. Follow the screening plan offered to you, attend polyp surveillance, and discuss activity, diet, alcohol, and smoking if changes could support your health.

Arrange an assessment for blood in the stool, a persistent change in bowel habit, ongoing abdominal pain, unexplained tiredness, or unplanned weight loss. Seek urgent help for heavy bleeding, severe abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, or a swollen abdomen with inability to pass stool or gas.

Ask when screening should begin for you, whether family history changes the test or timing, and whether genetic counselling is appropriate. Ask how previous polyps or inflammatory bowel disease affect surveillance and which symptoms should prompt earlier review.