What are the risk factors for angina?

Angina happens when the heart muscle does not receive enough oxygen-rich blood for its needs, often during exertion or emotional stress. Fatty deposits can narrow the coronary arteries, while high blood pressure and diabetes can damage artery walls over time. Smoking reduces oxygen delivery and encourages blood-vessel damage. Age and a family history of early heart disease can also increase risk. Having a risk factor does not confirm angina, and some people develop symptoms without an obvious risk factor.

Arrange a health review if you have high blood pressure, raised cholesterol, diabetes, or a strong family history. Do not smoke, and ask about support if stopping is difficult. Choose regular, manageable activity, build meals around vegetables, fruit, whole grains and lean proteins, and work towards a weight that is healthy for you. Take prescribed medicines consistently and keep follow-up appointments. A clinician may assess your blood pressure, cholesterol, blood sugar and overall heart risk.

Call emergency services for chest pressure, squeezing or heaviness that is severe, new, worsening, or does not settle with rest, especially with breathlessness, sweating, nausea, faintness, or pain spreading to the arm, jaw or back. Do not drive yourself. New exertional chest discomfort should be assessed promptly even if it improves. Learn more about [Angina](/conditions/angina/) and [Hypertension](/conditions/hypertension/).

Which risk factors apply to me? Should I check my blood pressure, cholesterol or blood sugar? What activity is appropriate while my symptoms are being assessed? Which symptoms mean I should seek emergency care?