What are the first signs of oesophageal cancer?

Oesophageal cancer affects the tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. A growing area can narrow the passage, so swallowing may become uncomfortable or food may feel slow to pass. Persistent indigestion, reflux-like discomfort, chest pain, reduced appetite, or unexplained weight loss may also occur. Vomiting blood is not expected and can indicate bleeding. These symptoms have other possible causes, but a persistent or progressive change warrants review.

Arrange a medical appointment if indigestion persists, swallowing becomes difficult, food sticks, or weight loss is unexplained. Mention whether symptoms involve solids, liquids, or both, and describe reflux, vomiting, pain, appetite, and any bleeding. Assessment may include blood tests, imaging, and an endoscopy with tissue sampling.

Seek emergency care for vomiting blood, black stools, fainting, severe chest pain, or inability to swallow fluids. Prompt assessment is also needed when swallowing worsens quickly, repeated vomiting prevents hydration, or breathing becomes difficult.

What may be causing my swallowing or indigestion symptoms? Do I need an endoscopy? What should I do if food becomes stuck? Which signs of bleeding or dehydration require emergency care?