What are the first signs of glioblastoma?

Symptoms depend on which brain area is affected and may develop gradually or become noticeable suddenly. Headache may be accompanied by nausea, vomiting, or a change in usual pattern. A tumour can also affect movement, sensation, language, memory, personality, or coordination. These symptoms have many possible causes; a symptom alone does not establish glioblastoma.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for a new persistent headache, progressive neurological change, or an unexplained first-time seizure. A clinician will ask about timing and progression and may arrange brain imaging. If a tumour is suspected, brain tumour surgery may provide tissue and relieve pressure in selected cases; treatment planning can include radiotherapy or chemotherapy.

Call emergency services for a first-time seizure, a seizure lasting longer than expected, sudden one-sided weakness, new trouble speaking, severe confusion, collapse, or a sudden severe headache. During a seizure, protect the person from injury, turn them on their side when possible, and do not place anything in their mouth.

Ask which symptoms need emergency attention, what imaging is planned, and whether a specialist referral is needed. If glioblastoma is diagnosed, ask how the tumour location and tissue findings shape surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and available clinical trials.