What should you know about vomit up blood?

The blood may be bright red, dark, or mixed with material that looks like coffee grounds. Possible sources include irritation or a tear in the food pipe after forceful retching, inflammation, an ulcer, or bleeding from the stomach or oesophagus. Cancer is one possible cause among many; vomiting blood does not by itself identify the cause. A clinician may ask about pain, medicines, alcohol, previous digestive problems, and whether the vomit contained food or dark material. They may arrange blood tests and an examination of the upper digestive tract.

Oesophageal Cancer and Stomach Cancer can sometimes involve bleeding, but a symptom alone cannot distinguish either condition from more common non-cancer causes.

Stop eating and drinking until a clinician advises you, especially if vomiting is continuing. Sit upright or lie on your side if you feel faint. Do not take aspirin, ibuprofen, or another anti-inflammatory painkiller unless a clinician has specifically told you to use it. Note the colour and approximate amount of blood, when it started, and any medicines you take. Arrange urgent medical assessment and do not drive yourself if you are dizzy or weak.

Seek emergency help immediately if the bleeding is heavy or repeated, or if you have faintness, confusion, pale or clammy skin, fast breathing, severe chest or abdominal pain, black stools, or trouble staying awake. These signs can accompany significant blood loss or another serious problem. Even a small amount should be assessed promptly when it is unexplained, occurs with ongoing vomiting, or returns after it seemed to stop.

Ask what part of the digestive tract may be bleeding, whether your medicines could contribute, which tests are appropriate, and what symptoms should prompt a return to emergency care. Tell the clinician about previous ulcers, liver disease, reflux, swallowing difficulty, and any recent forceful vomiting.