What should you know about vaginal cancer symptoms?

Vaginal cancer can cause unusual bleeding, discharge, a lump or pelvic discomfort, although other conditions can cause the same symptoms. Bleeding may occur after sex, between periods or after menopause. Some people notice pain during sex, a sore area, urinary discomfort or a change in bowel symptoms. A person may have no obvious symptoms early on, so persistent or changing concerns deserve assessment.

Symptoms can arise from irritation, infection, hormonal changes, benign growths or other gynaecological conditions as well as vaginal cancer. A clinician may ask when the symptom began, whether it is linked to sex or periods, and whether there is pain, discharge or bleeding. Assessment can include an examination and tests of an unusual area. A symptom alone cannot identify its cause; examination and, when needed, a tissue sample provide more useful information.

Arrange a medical appointment if bleeding, discharge, pain, a sore area or a lump persists, returns or changes. Record the timing, colour and amount of bleeding or discharge, along with pain, urinary or bowel changes. Avoid inserting products or using treatments for a suspected infection unless advised, because they may irritate the area or affect assessment. Bring a list of medicines and previous gynaecological diagnoses.

Seek urgent medical advice for heavy or continuing bleeding, faintness, severe pelvic pain, fever with worsening discharge, or difficulty passing urine. Emergency help is appropriate if you feel faint with substantial bleeding, develop severe pain suddenly, or have serious breathing difficulty. A clinician may discuss Vaginal Cancer assessment and, if cancer is confirmed, options such as Radiotherapy or Brachytherapy.

What could explain my bleeding, discharge, pain or lump? Do I need an examination, imaging or a biopsy? How should I manage symptoms while tests are arranged? Which changes should prompt an urgent call? If cancer is found, where is it located and which treatments might be considered?