What should you know about uveal melanoma in cats?

The uvea is the middle layer of the eye and includes the iris, ciliary body and choroid. A tumour there can change the colour or shape of the pupil, cause cloudiness, inflammation, bleeding or a visibly enlarged eye. Some cats hide discomfort, so a quiet change in behaviour may matter as much as an obvious eye sign.

A veterinarian may examine the eye with specialised equipment, measure eye pressure and use imaging. The team may also assess the rest of the body before recommending treatment, because the expected plan depends on the tumour's position, size and appearance.

Arrange a veterinary appointment promptly, particularly if the eye looks different or your cat is squinting. Do not apply leftover eye drops unless a veterinarian has advised them. Bring a list of medicines and note when the change began.

Treatment can involve close monitoring in selected situations, removal of the eye, or focused radiation. Brachytherapy places radiation close to the tumour, while radiotherapy uses a planned radiation field; suitability depends on the eye findings and your cat's overall health.

Seek same-day veterinary help for sudden loss of vision, severe squinting, marked redness, a bulging or rapidly enlarging eye, repeated pawing, bleeding, vomiting or obvious distress. These signs can reflect painful pressure or another eye emergency and should not wait for a routine visit.

Ask which part of the uvea is involved, whether eye pressure or vision is affected, what staging tests are appropriate, and whether a veterinary ophthalmologist should review the case. Discuss the purpose, timing and aftercare of each treatment option, including how comfort will be supported.