What should you know about types of flu shots?

Many flu shots are injected vaccines made with inactivated material, meaning the vaccine cannot cause influenza infection. Other products may use a different formulation or route of administration. Availability and recommendations can change with age, pregnancy, health conditions, allergies and the flu season, so a pharmacist or clinician should match the product to the individual.

Vaccination prepares the immune system to recognise influenza viruses. It does not treat an illness already causing symptoms, and protection develops after the immune response has had time to build. A person may still catch another respiratory infection after a flu shot.

Tell the vaccinator about previous vaccine reactions, serious allergies, pregnancy, immune problems, current illness and medicines. Bring any vaccine record if available. After the injection, remain where staff advise so an immediate reaction can be managed. A sore arm, mild fever or tiredness can occur for a short time; rest, fluids and a suitable pain reliever may help if a clinician or pharmacist says it is appropriate.

Seek emergency help for swelling of the face or throat, wheezing, trouble breathing, faintness or widespread hives after vaccination. Contact a clinician for symptoms that are severe, worsening or unusual, or if you are unsure whether an illness began before the appointment. Do not delay urgent treatment while trying to decide which vaccine type was used.

Ask which product is suitable for your age and health, whether an inactivated vaccine is being offered, how many doses are advised, when protection should be expected, and what to do if you have had a previous reaction.