What should you know about the pathogen that causes cholera?

The bacterium is usually acquired through contaminated water or food. Its toxins disturb fluid movement in the intestine, producing sudden watery diarrhoea that may become severe quickly. Vomiting can add to the loss of fluids and salts. The main danger is dehydration, which can cause thirst, dry mouth, reduced urination, dizziness, weakness, and confusion. Cholera is different from many routine stomach infections because the volume and speed of fluid loss can be substantial.

Start Oral Rehydration Therapy promptly if cholera is suspected and the person can drink, using the prepared solution as directed. Take small, frequent sips and continue feeding when possible. Contact a healthcare service urgently so the illness can be assessed, reported where required, and treated appropriately. Severe dehydration may require IV Fluid Therapy. Wash hands carefully, use safe water, and avoid preparing food for others while diarrhoea continues.

Seek emergency help for fainting, confusion, inability to drink, very little urine, cold or clammy skin, severe weakness, or ongoing profuse watery diarrhoea. Infants, older adults, pregnant people, and anyone with a chronic illness can become dehydrated quickly and should be assessed promptly. Do not wait for diarrhoea to stop before seeking help if dehydration signs appear.

Ask whether testing is needed, how to prepare and use rehydration solution, which warning signs require hospital care, and how long to follow food, water, and hand-hygiene precautions.