Two symptoms of cholera

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can cause frequent, watery stools and vomiting. The body loses water and salts through both routes, so weakness, thirst, dry mouth, dizziness, muscle cramps and reduced urination may develop quickly. [Diarrhoea](/symptoms/diarrhoea/) has many causes, so symptoms alone cannot confirm cholera; recent travel, unsafe water or food exposure and local outbreaks help clinicians judge the risk.

Children, older adults and people who are already unwell can become dehydrated sooner. A person with suspected cholera should avoid preparing food for others until a clinician gives advice, because infection can spread through contaminated hands, food or water.

Start frequent small sips of an oral rehydration solution while arranging urgent medical assessment. Follow the packet instructions carefully and use safe water; do not dilute or concentrate it. Continue breastfeeding when relevant. Avoid relying on very sugary drinks, and do not take anti-diarrhoeal medicines or antibiotics unless a clinician recommends them.

A healthcare team may use [Oral Rehydration Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/oral-rehydration-therapy/) or, when dehydration is severe or drinking is not possible, [IV Fluid Therapy](/treatments/acute-and-urgent-care/iv-fluid-therapy/).

Seek urgent medical care for repeated watery stools, vomiting that prevents drinking, faintness, confusion, severe weakness, very little urine, sunken eyes or a fast heartbeat. Do not wait for symptoms to settle if a child or vulnerable adult is affected. Call emergency services for collapse, severe drowsiness or breathing difficulty while continuing small sips if the person is awake and able to swallow.

Ask whether testing is needed, which rehydration solution to use, how to protect household contacts, and when it is safe to return to work or school. Tell the clinician when symptoms began, how often stools or vomiting occurred, what was consumed, and whether anyone else is ill.