What should you know about treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea?

Treatment of rotavirus diarrhoea focuses on replacing lost fluids and salts, continuing suitable feeds, and watching closely for dehydration; antibiotics do not treat the virus. Most cases improve with supportive care, but babies, young children, older adults and people with other health problems can become dehydrated more quickly.

Rotavirus is an infection of the digestive system that can cause frequent watery stools, vomiting, tummy cramps and fever. The main treatment concern is the water and salts lost through diarrhoea and vomiting, rather than stopping every loose stool. Vomiting may make drinking difficult at first, so small, frequent sips can be easier to keep down.

A clinician may assess hydration by checking alertness, mouth moisture, tears, urine output, breathing and circulation. Severe dehydration may require treatment in a healthcare setting, including fluids given through a vein.

Offer an oral rehydration solution prepared exactly as directed on its packaging. It contains a balance of water and salts that helps the intestine absorb fluid. Give frequent small sips, and offer more after each loose stool if the person can drink. Breastfeeding should continue. Infants who take formula can usually continue their usual feeds; do not dilute formula unless a clinician specifically instructs you to.

When vomiting settles, offer usual age-appropriate foods in small portions. Avoid relying on fizzy drinks, very sweet juices or homemade mixtures, because their sugar and salt balance may worsen diarrhoea. Wash hands with soap and water after changing nappies or using the toilet and before preparing food.

Do not give antibiotics unless a clinician has identified a bacterial infection or another reason for them. Do not give diarrhoea-stopping medicines to a child without medical advice; some medicines are unsuitable when there is fever, blood in the stool or ongoing vomiting.

Seek urgent medical help if the person is unusually sleepy, confused, floppy or difficult to wake; has very little or no urine; has a dry mouth with no tears; has cold, pale or mottled skin; or cannot keep fluids down. These can indicate significant dehydration.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for a baby or young child with repeated vomiting or diarrhoea, for anyone with blood in the stool, severe or worsening tummy pain, a high fever, or symptoms that are not settling. Get advice sooner if the person has kidney disease, diabetes, a weakened immune system or another condition that makes fluid loss more concerning.

Ask which oral rehydration solution and amount are appropriate for the person’s age and condition, how to respond if vomiting continues, and which signs mean you should return urgently. You can also ask whether any regular medicines need temporary adjustment while drinking and eating are reduced.