Transient ischemic attack and stroke

A transient ischemic attack and stroke can begin with the same warning signs: facial asymmetry, weakness or numbness on one side, difficulty speaking, vision changes, or poor coordination. The difference is what happens to the brain tissue. In a transient attack, the interruption is temporary and symptoms can clear. In a stroke, a blocked vessel or bleeding damages brain tissue, and problems may remain.

Because the difference cannot be confirmed safely at home, a resolved episode still deserves urgent assessment. Atrial fibrillation, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes are examples of conditions clinicians may consider when looking for contributors. They do not make a diagnosis from a symptom alone.

Call emergency services if symptoms are present, record when they began, and describe what changed. If the symptoms have resolved, obtain urgent medical advice the same day rather than waiting to see whether they return. Bring a list of medicines and known conditions if this can be done without delaying help. Testing may include neurological examination, brain imaging, blood-vessel imaging, heart rhythm checks, and blood pressure measurement.

Sudden weakness, facial drooping, speech trouble, confusion, vision loss, severe dizziness, difficulty walking, or an intense unusual headache should be treated as an emergency. Call immediately if any sign appears, even for a short time. Do not drive to hospital, and do not give food or drink to someone who cannot swallow normally.

Ask how the event was assessed, whether further heart or blood-vessel testing is needed, and which warning signs should prompt another emergency call. Discuss blood-pressure medication and how your GP consultation connects with ongoing prevention.