Transient ischaemic attack signs and symptoms

A transient ischaemic attack can affect one side of the body. An arm or leg may feel weak, heavy, clumsy, or numb, and the face may droop on the same side. Speech may become slurred, or a person may struggle to find words or understand conversation. Sudden blurred or lost vision, double vision, spinning, or difficulty walking can also occur.

Symptoms usually appear abruptly rather than building gradually. They may last briefly or continue for longer before resolving. Numbness and tingling has many possible causes, so it cannot identify the cause by itself; the sudden pattern and accompanying signs matter. A transient ischaemic attack presents with these neurological symptoms, but similar signs can also occur in a stroke or another urgent condition.

Use the time of onset as a key piece of information. Note whether the person can smile evenly, lift both arms, speak clearly, and walk safely, but do not delay emergency help to complete checks. Keep the person seated or lying safely, avoid food and drink if swallowing is difficult, and do not give medicines unless advised by emergency professionals. An assessment is needed even if every symptom has cleared.

Call emergency services immediately for any sudden facial droop, one-sided weakness, new speech or understanding problem, sudden visual disturbance, or severe loss of balance. Symptoms that improve still require urgent care because a brief episode can precede a stroke. Do not drive the person; provide the exact time symptoms began and the time they changed.

Ask which symptoms were most concerning, what tests are needed to look for a clot source, and how to lower future risk. Discuss blood pressure, heart rhythm, and whether a GP consultation should be followed by specialist assessment.