What are tongue cancer symptoms?

Possible presentations include an ulcer that does not heal, a thickened or hard patch, a lump, bleeding without a clear injury, ongoing tongue pain, numbness, or reduced movement. Some people also notice pain when swallowing, speech changes, a sore throat, or a lump in the neck. These symptoms can arise from infections, irritation, dental problems and other non-cancerous conditions; symptoms alone cannot identify the cause.

A clinician may inspect the mouth and neck, feel for swollen areas and arrange tests if a change persists or looks concerning. If cancer is confirmed, treatment may involve Tumour Removal Surgery, Radiotherapy, or both, depending on the site and extent.

Arrange an appointment with a dentist or doctor for a tongue or mouth change that persists, returns, or interferes with eating, speaking or swallowing. Note when it started, whether it is growing or bleeding, and any tobacco or alcohol exposure. Bring details of dental work, mouth injuries and medicines that may affect healing.

Seek prompt assessment for a non-healing ulcer, unexplained bleeding, persistent pain, a firm area, numbness, or a neck lump. Seek urgent help if swelling makes breathing difficult, swallowing saliva becomes impossible, or bleeding is heavy or does not stop with pressure. Do not wait for severe symptoms before arranging an examination.

How will you examine this area? Could a dental problem or irritation explain it? How long should healing take? Do I need a biopsy or referral? If a tumour is found, which treatments are being considered and how could they affect speech or swallowing?