Things to soothe a sore throat

A sore throat can be caused by a viral illness such as a common cold, influenza, or COVID-19. Allergic rhinitis and acid reflux can irritate the throat without being an infection. Tonsillitis and strep throat may cause stronger pain, fever, swollen neck glands, or difficulty swallowing. Glandular fever can cause marked tiredness and swollen glands. Symptoms alone cannot identify the cause reliably.

Take frequent sips of water, broth, or another drink that feels comfortable. Choose soft foods, avoid smoke, and rest your voice. Gargling with warm salt water may soothe adults who can gargle safely; do not swallow it. Lozenges can help some people, but follow age guidance and avoid choking hazards. A pharmacist can advise on paracetamol or another suitable pain reliever, including dose and interactions. Antibiotics do not help viral causes, so use them only when prescribed for a diagnosed or strongly suspected bacterial infection.

Call emergency services for difficulty breathing, inability to swallow saliva, drooling, a muffled voice, or rapidly increasing swelling. Seek prompt medical advice for severe one-sided throat pain, dehydration, a persistent high fever, a widespread rash, or symptoms that are worsening. Arrange review if the sore throat does not improve, keeps returning, or is accompanied by significant fatigue or swollen glands.

Do I need an examination or throat test? Which pain-relief option is suitable with my health conditions and medicines? What symptoms would suggest tonsillitis, strep throat, influenza, or another infection needing specific care?