Testicular teratoma: what to know

Teratoma describes a tumour containing tissues that may arise from more than one cell type. In the testicle, it is considered within the germ cell tumour group. A painless or uncomfortable testicular enlargement, heaviness, or change in shape can prompt review, but symptoms cannot determine the tumour type. Clinicians combine examination, ultrasound, blood markers, and scans to understand the diagnosis.

Arrange prompt review for a new testicular lump, swelling, or persistent change. Do not delay because the area is only mildly uncomfortable. A urology and oncology team may discuss tumour removal surgery, tissue analysis, further scans, and whether chemotherapy has a role. Treatment depends on pathology, stage, marker results, and whether disease is confined to the testicle.

Sudden severe testicular pain, rapid swelling, nausea, vomiting, or a testicle sitting unusually high needs emergency assessment because urgent non-cancer causes are possible. Seek prompt review for fever, redness, worsening pain, or a growing mass.

Ask what the ultrasound shows, which blood markers are being checked, how fertility and hormone function may be considered, whether surgery is needed, and how follow-up will be organised.