Cholera: what to know

Cholera can begin abruptly, sometimes with painless watery diarrhoea and vomiting. A person may become very thirsty, dizzy, unusually sleepy or unable to pass much urine. The illness can spread when infected faeces contaminate hands, food or water, so careful handwashing and safe water protect household contacts. Not every episode of diarrhoea is cholera, but profuse watery stool after travel or exposure to unsafe water deserves prompt assessment.

Start oral rehydration solution according to its instructions while arranging medical advice. Take frequent small sips, especially if vomiting makes drinking difficult. Continue suitable food when able, and avoid preparing food for other people until a clinician advises that it is safe. Do not rely on anti-diarrhoeal medicines or homemade mixtures in place of proper rehydration. A healthcare team may use IV fluid therapy when fluid loss is severe or drinking is not possible.

Get urgent medical help for repeated watery stools, faintness, confusion, severe weakness, very little urine, inability to drink, or signs of shock. Children, older adults, pregnant people and anyone with significant medical conditions can deteriorate quickly. Tell the clinician about recent travel, unsafe water exposure and contacts with similar symptoms.

How severe is my fluid loss, and do I need IV treatment? Which oral rehydration product and amount are appropriate for me? Should household contacts be assessed or receive prevention advice?