Symptoms of cholera disease

The diarrhoea may be very frequent and pale or cloudy, sometimes described as rice-water-like. Vomiting can make it harder to replace lost fluid. Thirst, dry mouth, weakness, dizziness, reduced urination, sunken eyes, or unusual sleepiness can signal dehydration. Cholera is caused by bacteria in contaminated food or water, but similar symptoms can have other causes, so a clinician may need to assess the illness and local exposure history.

Start small, frequent sips of an oral rehydration solution if the person is awake and able to drink. Continue offering fluids after each loose stool, and keep breastfeeds going for an infant. Do not wait for thirst to become severe. A healthcare professional may arrange oral rehydration therapy or IV fluid therapy when fluid loss is substantial or drinking is not possible. Wash hands carefully and avoid preparing food for others while unwell.

Seek urgent medical care for repeated watery stools, persistent vomiting, fainting, confusion, severe weakness, very little urine, cold or clammy skin, or inability to drink. Children, older adults, pregnant people, and anyone with another significant illness can become dehydrated quickly. Call emergency services if the person is difficult to wake, collapses, or has signs of shock.

Ask which rehydration drink is suitable, how to monitor urine and alertness, whether testing is needed, and which warning signs should prompt hospital care.