Symptoms of bow legs

Bow legs, also called genu varum, describe an alignment in which the knees remain farther apart while the ankles are together. In young children, this shape can be part of normal growth and may improve as the legs develop. Persistent or worsening curvature can change how force passes through the knees and ankles. One leg may be more curved than the other, or pain and tiredness may appear during activity. An examination is needed to understand the pattern and possible cause.

Notice whether the curve is changing, whether both legs look similar, and whether walking, running, or climbing is affected. Choose comfortable activity and avoid trying to straighten a child’s legs with braces or exercises without professional guidance. A clinician may assess growth, walking alignment, joint movement, and the distance between the knees. Paediatric physiotherapy can support movement when appropriate; an osteotomy is a surgical option considered for selected alignment problems.

Book an assessment if the curvature persists beyond the expected growth pattern, becomes more noticeable, affects one side, or is accompanied by pain, limping, stiffness, or reduced activity. Seek prompt care after an injury if the child or adult cannot bear weight, or if severe pain and swelling develop.

Ask whether the alignment is appropriate for age, how it affects walking or joint loading, whether monitoring is enough, and which signs should lead to a follow-up visit.