Swelling in the knee area: what to know

Swelling around the kneecap can occur with Knee Bursitis, while fullness behind the knee can occur with a Baker's Cyst. A knee that swells after twisting may be associated with an ACL Tear or Meniscus Tear. Gradual aching and stiffness can occur with Knee Osteoarthritis. A hot, abruptly painful knee can occur with Gout.

A health professional will check whether the swelling is inside the joint, above or below the kneecap, or behind the knee. They may assess walking, stability, range of motion, and tenderness. Depending on the findings, imaging or Joint Aspiration may help identify fluid or inflammation.

Reduce impact and kneeling, elevate the leg, and use a wrapped cool pack for short periods. Gentle movement is reasonable when it does not increase pain, but avoid running, deep squats, and forceful stretching during a flare. Do not try to drain the swelling yourself.

Book an assessment if swelling does not settle, repeatedly returns, causes locking or giving way, or limits normal walking. Bring details about a twist, fall, fever, skin changes, and the exact time swelling appeared.

Seek urgent care for a hot red knee with fever or marked illness, severe pain, inability to bear weight, a major injury, or a suddenly swollen calf. New numbness, a pale or cold foot, or rapidly increasing swelling also needs immediate assessment.

Ask whether the swelling is in the joint or a bursa, whether imaging is appropriate, and whether aspiration would clarify the cause. Ask which exercises and weight-bearing activities are suitable while the knee recovers.