Strep throat and tonsillitis: what to know

Strep throat is caused by group A Streptococcus bacteria. Tonsillitis means that the two pads of tissue at the back of the throat are swollen and irritated; viruses are a frequent cause, but bacteria can also be responsible. A sore throat, fever, painful swallowing, red or swollen tonsils, white patches, and tender glands in the neck may occur. Symptoms alone cannot reliably identify the cause, so a clinician may use an examination and a throat test.

Rest, drink fluids, and choose soft foods if swallowing hurts. Warm drinks or cool soothing foods may help, and avoid sharing cups, utensils, or toothbrushes while unwell. A GP consultation can clarify whether testing or treatment is appropriate. If strep throat is confirmed, antibiotic treatment may be prescribed; take it exactly as directed and do not use leftover medicine.

Arrange prompt medical advice for severe throat pain, persistent fever, worsening symptoms, or difficulty eating and drinking. Seek urgent help if breathing is difficult, saliva cannot be swallowed, the voice becomes markedly muffled, or swelling is much worse on one side. These features can signal a complication requiring immediate assessment.

Ask whether your symptoms fit tonsillitis, whether a throat test is useful, and which warning signs should prompt urgent review. You can also ask how to reduce spread at home and when it is sensible to return to work, school, or close contact.