Standard Treatment of Cholera

Cholera causes profuse watery diarrhoea that can remove fluid and electrolytes faster than the body can replace them. The main danger is dehydration, which can affect circulation, kidneys and consciousness. A clinician assesses alertness, urine output, pulse, breathing and the ability to drink. Rehydration should not wait when severe fluid loss is suspected. Antibiotics may be considered for selected cases by a clinician; they do not replace fluids.

Start oral rehydration therapy promptly when the person is awake and able to swallow, following the prepared solution instructions exactly. Give frequent small sips and continue suitable food when tolerated. Severe dehydration, persistent vomiting, shock or inability to drink requires urgent care and IV fluid therapy. Do not rely on plain water alone, sugary drinks or unprescribed anti-diarrhoeal medicines. Wash hands carefully and use safe water to reduce spread.

Seek urgent medical help for very little urine, intense thirst, sunken eyes, dry mouth, dizziness, fainting, confusion, cold hands or feet, a fast heartbeat, or inability to keep fluids down. Babies, older adults, pregnant people and anyone with a long-term illness can deteriorate quickly. Sudden severe diarrhoea after possible contaminated food or water needs prompt assessment.

How dehydrated am I? Which oral rehydration solution should I use? Do I need IV fluids, testing or antibiotics? How can I protect people at home?