How Zika virus spreads

An infected mosquito can pass the virus to a person when it bites. The same mosquito group can be active during the day as well as at other times, so protection should continue throughout the day. A person may have mild or no symptoms and still need advice about sexual transmission.

Zika can pass through sex, including when the infected partner has no symptoms, and infection during pregnancy can affect the developing fetus. The risk depends on travel location, timing, pregnancy status and sexual exposure, so a personalised discussion is more useful than guessing from symptoms alone.

Use an approved insect repellent as directed, wear clothing that covers skin, stay in screened or air-conditioned spaces and remove standing water around living areas. Follow local travel guidance and discuss pregnancy or conception plans before visiting an area with current or recent transmission. Condoms or avoiding sex may reduce sexual transmission; ask a clinician how long precautions should continue after travel or illness. A Travel Health Consultation can tailor advice to your itinerary.

Arrange a GP Consultation after travel to an affected area if fever, rash, red eyes, joint pain or headache develops, and mention travel dates and pregnancy plans. Seek prompt advice after possible exposure during pregnancy, or if a partner is pregnant or planning pregnancy. Emergency care is needed for severe breathing difficulty, collapse, confusion or rapidly worsening illness.

Does my destination have relevant mosquito-borne infection risk? Which protection is suitable for me? Do pregnancy or conception plans change the advice? Should my partner and I use sexual precautions after travel, and for how long?