Sore throat and strep throat: what should you know?

Strep throat is an infection of the throat caused by streptococcal bacteria. People with strep throat may have a sudden sore throat, pain when swallowing, fever, tender swollen glands in the neck, red tonsils or patches on the tonsils. Headache, nausea or stomach pain can occur, particularly in children. Cough, sneezing and a runny nose are less characteristic and may suggest a viral illness instead. These patterns guide assessment but cannot confirm the cause by themselves. Tonsillitis describes inflammation of the tonsils and can result from viruses or bacteria, including strep throat.

Arrange a GP consultation if throat pain is substantial, swallowing is difficult, fever is present, or symptoms are not settling. The clinician may inspect your throat, feel the neck glands and use a swab or other test where appropriate. Until then, rest, drink fluids, choose soft foods and avoid sharing utensils. Pain relief may help; ask a pharmacist about a product appropriate for you. If strep throat is confirmed or strongly suspected, antibiotic treatment may be advised. Take it exactly as prescribed and do not use leftover medicine.

Get urgent help for difficulty breathing, inability to swallow saliva, drooling, a muffled voice, severe one-sided throat swelling, or difficulty opening the mouth. Seek prompt medical advice for dehydration, worsening neck swelling, unusual drowsiness or a persistent fever. Children who are struggling to drink or breathe need urgent assessment. Do not wait for a routine appointment when symptoms are rapidly progressing.

Could this be strep throat, tonsillitis or a viral infection? Would a throat swab help? What symptoms should improve first? If antibiotics are prescribed, how should I take them and what should I do if I miss a dose?