What should you know about a sore and swollen throat?

A common cold, influenza or COVID-19 can cause throat soreness with cough, congestion, fever or body aches. Tonsillitis and strep throat may cause swollen tonsils, pain when swallowing and tender neck glands; some bacterial infections need a clinical test before antibiotics are considered. Allergic rhinitis can cause post-nasal drip and irritation, while acid reflux can irritate the throat without a typical cold. Glandular fever is another possibility when marked tiredness and swollen glands accompany the throat pain.

Sip cool or warm fluids, choose soft foods, and rest your voice. Gargling with salt water may soothe an adult throat if it is safe for you, but do not swallow the mixture. Avoid smoke and other irritants. Follow label directions for suitable pain relief and ask a pharmacist if you take other medicines or have a long-term condition. Antibiotics do not treat viral illnesses, so do not use leftover tablets.

Seek emergency help if swelling makes breathing difficult, saliva cannot be swallowed, the voice becomes markedly muffled, or the mouth cannot open normally. Prompt medical assessment is needed for severe one-sided swelling, dehydration, a persistent high fever, a spreading rash, or symptoms that are worsening rather than settling. A child who is unusually sleepy or struggling to drink also needs urgent attention.

Ask whether an examination or throat test is needed, how to manage pain safely, whether reflux or allergy could contribute, and which symptoms mean you should return urgently.