Signs of menopause in women

Menopause happens as ovarian hormone production changes. The transition can affect the menstrual cycle first, but symptoms may also involve body temperature, sleep, energy, concentration, mood, skin, vaginal tissues, and urinary comfort. Some women have several symptoms; others notice only a small change.

Perimenopause is the stage before periods have stopped for a full year. Symptoms can fluctuate, which makes a diary useful. Pregnancy, thyroid disease, medicines, stress, and other health problems can produce similar changes, so a new or disruptive pattern deserves a proper review.

Record period dates and flow, flushes, night sweating, sleep quality, mood, vaginal discomfort, sexual changes, and anything that improves or worsens symptoms. Use light layers and a cool sleeping space for heat symptoms; regular movement and a steady bedtime can support sleep. A vaginal moisturiser may help dryness, while pain, burning, or urinary changes should be discussed.

A clinician can explain hormone and non-hormonal treatments. The suitable choice depends on your medical history, medicines, migraine pattern, clotting history, breast health, and personal priorities.

Seek medical advice for bleeding after menopause, bleeding after sex, unusually heavy bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or symptoms that interfere with normal activities. Get urgent help for severe pain, fainting, chest pain, or breathlessness. Contact a mental-health professional promptly if mood symptoms bring hopelessness or thoughts of self-harm.

Ask whether your symptoms fit perimenopause or menopause, what other causes should be considered, and whether an examination or tests are useful. Ask about symptom treatment, vaginal care, contraception, bone health, and follow-up.