Signs of food poisoning in humans

Food poisoning is an illness caused by contaminated food or drink. Symptoms may appear at different times and can range from mild stomach upset to intense vomiting or watery stools. Fever can accompany an infection, while cramps reflect irritation and increased movement in the bowel. Feeling dizzy, having a dry mouth, or passing less urine suggests that fluid loss is becoming significant.

Symptoms alone cannot identify the exact germ or prove which meal was responsible. Tell a clinician about recent foods, untreated water, travel, contacts who are ill, and the order in which symptoms appeared.

Sip water or oral rehydration solution often, using small amounts if nausea is strong. Resume simple foods as tolerated and rest. Wash hands thoroughly after using the toilet and before eating; do not prepare food for other people while you have symptoms. Oral rehydration therapy helps replace water and salts, while IV fluid therapy can support people who cannot drink enough.

Get urgent medical help for blood in vomit or stool, severe abdominal pain, fainting, confusion, breathing difficulty, repeated vomiting, or inability to keep fluids down. Seek advice when urine becomes very infrequent, fever is persistent, or symptoms are worsening rather than easing. Children, older adults, pregnant people, and those with long-term illnesses can become dehydrated more quickly and should be assessed early.

Ask how to replace fluids, whether a stool test or treatment is appropriate, which medicines to avoid, and what changes should prompt an urgent return.