Signs of chronic osteomyelitis

Chronic osteomyelitis may develop after an open injury, surgery, a deep wound, or infection spreading from nearby tissue. Symptoms can be less dramatic than a sudden infection. Pain may persist or flare, the skin can remain tender, and a small opening may release cloudy fluid or pus. Fever may be absent, so feeling otherwise well does not rule out a bone infection.

A clinician may examine the wound and circulation, ask about previous injuries or operations, and arrange blood tests or imaging. A sample from a deep wound can help guide treatment. An X-ray may show changes later in the illness, while other imaging can provide additional detail.

Arrange a prompt medical assessment if bone pain continues, a wound does not close, or drainage returns after seeming to improve. Keep the area clean and covered with a fresh dressing, avoid squeezing the opening, and do not start leftover antibiotics. Bring a list of medicines, recent procedures, and any history of diabetes or poor circulation. Treatment may involve targeted antibiotics, wound care, removal of infected tissue, or reconstruction such as [Bone Grafting](/treatments/trauma-and-fracture-care/bone-grafting/).

Seek urgent care for rapidly increasing pain or swelling, spreading redness, a high temperature with shaking chills, confusion, marked weakness, or a wound that turns dark. Go promptly if the limb becomes numb, pale, or difficult to move, or if drainage increases suddenly.

Ask which tests can show whether infection reaches the bone, whether a deep sample is needed, how the wound should be dressed, and what warning signs require same-day review. Ask how treatment will be monitored and whether an orthopaedic or infectious-disease specialist should be involved.