Signs of a Bartholin cyst

The Bartholin glands sit near the lower sides of the vaginal opening and help provide lubrication. If a duct becomes blocked, fluid can collect and form a cyst. A small cyst may cause little discomfort. If bacteria enter the trapped fluid, an abscess can develop, bringing increasing tenderness, warmth, redness, swelling, pus, or fever. A lump can have other causes, so examination is the safest way to identify it.

Arrange an appointment for a new, persistent, painful, or enlarging lump. Warm baths or a warm compress may ease discomfort while you wait, but do not squeeze, pierce, or try to drain it yourself. Keep the area clean and wear loose clothing. A clinician may recommend observation, drainage, or a procedure that helps the duct remain open, depending on findings.

Seek same-day medical advice for rapidly worsening pain, marked swelling, redness, pus, fever, difficulty walking or sitting, or feeling unwell. Seek urgent help if you cannot pass urine because of swelling. A painful abscess may need prompt drainage and treatment; waiting for it to burst on its own can prolong symptoms.

Ask whether the lump appears to be a cyst or abscess, whether a swab or other test is needed, which pain relief is suitable, and whether drainage or marsupialisation would reduce the chance of another blockage.