Signs and symptoms of thymoma

A thymoma develops in the thymus, behind the breastbone. When it presses on nearby structures, possible symptoms include chest pain or pressure, a persistent cough, breathlessness, difficulty swallowing, or swelling of the face, neck, or upper chest. Some thymomas are found during imaging for another reason. The tumour can also occur alongside immune-related conditions, including muscle weakness that worsens with activity, drooping eyelids, double vision, slurred speech, or difficulty swallowing.

Contact a clinician about unexplained chest symptoms, progressive swallowing difficulty, or weakness affecting the eyes, face, arms, or breathing. Assessment may include examination and chest imaging, followed by tests that clarify the mass and its relationship to nearby structures. If thymoma is confirmed, tumour removal surgery is often discussed when removal is suitable; radiotherapy may be considered for selected situations.

Get urgent help for severe breathlessness, inability to swallow fluids, rapidly worsening weakness, choking, or blue or grey lips. New double vision with marked weakness, or weakness that affects breathing, can require immediate treatment.

Ask whether your symptoms could involve the thymus or an associated immune condition, which scans or tests are needed, and whether surgery or radiotherapy fits the location and features of the tumour. Ask what changes should trigger same-day advice.