Side effects of heat stroke

Heat stroke occurs when the body cannot control its temperature after intense heat exposure or exertion. The brain can be affected first, causing confusion, unusual behaviour, drowsiness, seizures or loss of consciousness. The skin may feel hot, and sweating may be absent or present. Vomiting and severe weakness can worsen dehydration. Without rapid cooling and medical care, heat stroke can injure the kidneys, liver, muscles and other organs; this is more serious than heat exhaustion.

Call emergency services immediately if heat stroke is suspected. Move the person to shade or a cool indoor area, remove extra clothing, and cool the skin with cool wet cloths, fans or water while waiting. Stay with them and monitor breathing. Do not give drinks to someone who is confused, vomiting, having seizures or unconscious, because they may choke. Do not use medicines to lower temperature as a substitute for cooling and emergency care.

Emergency help is needed for confusion, collapse, seizure, fainting, severe headache, very hot skin, unusual agitation, or inability to drink after heat exposure. A fever-like temperature after heat exposure with altered behaviour is also concerning. Hospital treatment may include rapid cooling, monitoring and IV Fluid Therapy. Do not wait to see whether symptoms settle or treat suspected heat stroke as simple Heat Exhaustion.

After recovery, ask what caused the episode, how to plan cooling and hydration during heat, and when it is safe to return to exercise or outdoor work.