What should you know about severe sunburn treatment?

A severe sunburn may cause intense redness, warmth, tenderness, swelling, fluid-filled blisters and later peeling. Large or widespread areas can disrupt the skin barrier, making dehydration and infection more concerning. Sunburn can affect any exposed area, including the scalp, ears, lips and shoulders. Blistering is a useful reason to treat the injury cautiously; do not pop or peel the blisters yourself.

Move out of the sun and take a cool bath or shower, or apply a cool damp cloth. Avoid ice directly on the skin. Drink fluids regularly, wear loose soft clothing and keep the area covered from further sunlight. A bland moisturiser or emollient can reduce dryness after cooling; stop if it stings. Do not use butter, petroleum-heavy products on fresh burns, or harsh scrubs. A pharmacist or clinician can advise whether pain relief is suitable and whether a prescribed topical treatment has a role.

Arrange prompt medical assessment for extensive blistering, severe pain, marked swelling, a burn involving the face, eyes, hands or genitals, or signs of infection such as spreading redness, pus or worsening pain. Seek urgent help for confusion, fainting, repeated vomiting, inability to drink, very little urine, or a high temperature with feeling unwell. Children, older adults and people with significant medical conditions may need earlier assessment.

Ask whether the burn needs examination, how to dress open blisters, which pain medicine fits your health history, and when normal washing or exercise is safe. Ask how to protect the area while it heals and whether another skin problem could be contributing to persistent changes.