Severe cholera symptoms: what to know

Cholera is an intestinal infection that can lead to sudden, watery diarrhoea. The main danger is loss of water and salts from the body. Severe dehydration may cause intense thirst, a dry mouth, weakness, dizziness, sunken eyes, little urine, a fast heartbeat, confusion, or collapse. Vomiting can make replacement harder. The seriousness comes from the speed of fluid loss; a person can become very unwell even when abdominal pain is limited.

Start oral rehydration solution if the person is awake and able to swallow, giving frequent small sips and continuing after each episode of diarrhoea. Do not rely on plain water alone for substantial fluid loss, and avoid drinks that can worsen diarrhoea. Arrange urgent medical care so hydration, kidney function, and the need for further treatment can be assessed. IV fluid therapy may be needed when dehydration is severe, vomiting prevents drinking, or the person is becoming drowsy. Handwashing and safe food and water practices help limit spread.

Go to an emergency service immediately for confusion, fainting, inability to drink, very little urine, cold or clammy skin, marked weakness, or signs of shock. Seek prompt assessment for ongoing watery diarrhoea, repeated vomiting, or dehydration in a baby, older adult, pregnant person, or someone with a long-term illness. Keep offering oral rehydration solution during travel to care if swallowing is safe.

Ask how much oral rehydration solution to give, which warning signs to monitor, whether IV fluids are required, and how to reduce transmission to household members.