What should you know about secondary ovarian cancer?

Symptoms can include pelvic or abdominal pressure, swelling, altered bowel habits, urinary changes, reduced appetite or unexpected vaginal bleeding. These symptoms have several possible causes and do not identify where a cancer began. A pelvic examination, pelvic ultrasound, cross-sectional imaging and tissue testing may all contribute to the diagnosis.

Pathologists compare tumour cells with the suspected original cancer. The team may also review molecular features, including results from genomic tumour profiling, when these could help select treatment. A family history may prompt discussion of BRCA genetic testing, which is different from testing the tumour itself.

Bring previous pathology reports, scan discs and treatment details to the oncology appointment. Ask whether the ovary is the only site involved and whether a biopsy or operation will provide the clearest diagnosis. Treatment may include systemic therapy, surgery such as oophorectomy or debulking, or a combination, depending on the primary cancer and spread.

Supportive care can help with pain, nausea, appetite, sleep and emotional strain at any stage. Palliative care can be provided alongside cancer-directed treatment when symptom relief or practical support is needed.

Seek urgent help for severe or rapidly increasing abdominal pain, repeated vomiting, a swollen abdomen with inability to pass stool or gas, heavy vaginal bleeding, fainting, chest pain or breathing difficulty. These symptoms can signal obstruction, bleeding or another problem needing prompt assessment.

Where did the cancer begin, and how certain is that conclusion? What tests are still needed? Is surgery intended to diagnose, relieve pressure or remove visible disease? Would genomic tumour profiling change treatment? Should I discuss BRCA genetic testing with a genetics professional?