What is scarlet fever?

Scarlet fever usually develops when group A streptococcal bacteria cause a throat infection and release substances that trigger a widespread rash. The skin may feel rough, like fine sandpaper, and the rash can be more noticeable in skin folds. The tongue may look coated at first and then become red and bumpy. A sore throat, fever, headache, tiredness, and swollen glands in the neck can occur together. Read more about [Strep Throat](/conditions/strep-throat/), [Fever](/symptoms/fever/), [Sore Throat](/symptoms/sore-throat/), and [Swollen Glands](/symptoms/swollen-glands/).

Arrange a clinical assessment if scarlet fever is suspected, especially when a rash accompanies a sore throat or fever. A clinician may examine the throat and decide whether testing or prescription treatment is appropriate. Encourage fluids, offer suitable comfort measures, and avoid sharing cups, utensils, towels, or toothbrushes. Follow the prescribed course if [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) is recommended, and ask when the person can safely return to school or work.

Seek prompt medical advice for a new rough rash with fever or throat pain. Get urgent help for trouble breathing, inability to swallow fluids, unusual sleepiness, confusion, severe dehydration, or rapidly worsening symptoms. A clinician should also review symptoms that do not improve, return after initial improvement, or include painful ear, joint, or abdominal symptoms.

Ask whether the symptoms fit scarlet fever or another rash illness, whether a throat test is needed, how to reduce spread at home, and which warning signs should change the urgency of care.