What Strains Cause Scarlet Fever?

Group A Streptococcus can infect the throat and release toxins that trigger the characteristic fine, rough-feeling rash. The illness may also bring [Fever](/symptoms/fever/), headache, a red tongue, [Sore Throat](/symptoms/sore-throat/) and tender neck glands. Some people have prominent throat symptoms, while others notice the rash first. The rash pattern and throat findings can overlap with other illnesses, so they do not identify the bacterial strain by sight. [Strep Throat](/conditions/strep-throat/) describes the related throat infection and may occur without the scarlet fever rash.

Arrange a clinical assessment when fever, throat pain and a new rough rash occur together. The clinician may inspect the throat and decide whether a swab or other test is useful. Keep fluids available, use soft foods if swallowing is painful, and avoid sharing drinks or utensils. When [Antibiotic Treatment](/treatments/medical-management/antibiotic-treatment/) is prescribed, follow the full instructions, check how to handle a missed dose and never use medication intended for someone else.

Obtain urgent help for breathing difficulty, inability to swallow fluids, drooling, confusion, severe weakness or dehydration. Seek prompt advice for worsening fever, increasing throat pain, a rapidly changing rash or painful [Swollen Glands](/symptoms/swollen-glands/). The cause being bacterial does not make every rash scarlet fever; the urgency depends on the person’s symptoms and general condition.

Do the symptoms suggest a group A Streptococcus infection? Is testing needed? What treatment is suitable? How should close contacts protect themselves, and when can normal activities resume?