Scarlet fever from strep throat: what to know

Strep throat is an infection of the throat caused by group A Streptococcus. Scarlet fever is a related illness in which toxin effects produce a fine, rough rash and sometimes a flushed face with a paler area around the mouth. Sore throat, fever, headache, swollen neck glands and a coated or red tongue may occur. Not everyone with strep throat develops the rash, and a rash can have other causes. A clinician uses the full pattern and may test the throat rather than diagnosing from the rash alone.

Arrange medical assessment when a sore throat is accompanied by fever and a sandpaper-like rash, particularly in a child. Do not share cups, cutlery, towels or toothbrushes, and wash hands after coughing, sneezing or touching the mouth. A clinician may recommend a throat test and, if appropriate, antibiotic treatment. Take prescribed medicine according to the instructions and ask when normal activities can resume. Explore Strep Throat, Fever and Antibiotic Treatment for related information.

Seek same-day advice for worsening throat pain, difficulty swallowing fluids, persistent fever, a spreading rash, or swollen glands that are becoming painful. Get emergency help for trouble breathing, inability to swallow saliva, severe dehydration, confusion, unusual drowsiness, or rapid deterioration. A new rash with facial swelling, blistering or purple marks that do not fade with pressure also needs urgent assessment.

Ask whether a throat test is needed, whether the rash fits scarlet fever, how to take any prescribed antibiotic, how long to avoid close contact, and which symptoms should prompt reassessment. Tell the clinician when the sore throat and rash began and whether anyone nearby has been ill.