Runny nose and congestion: what to know

With a common cold, congestion may build alongside a sore throat, cough, or tiredness. Allergic rhinitis can produce clear mucus, sneezing, and nasal swelling after a trigger such as dust or pets. Sinusitis may cause facial pressure, reduced smell, tooth discomfort, or a change in discharge. COVID-19 and influenza can overlap with other respiratory illnesses, so fever, aches, exposure, and local testing advice may matter. The symptoms alone cannot identify one cause.

Rest, drink enough fluid to avoid dehydration, and try saline spray or a saline rinse. Breathe moist air, avoid smoke, and sleep with your head comfortably raised if that helps drainage. A pharmacist can discuss allergy medicines or short-term decongestant options, taking your blood pressure, pregnancy status, and other medicines into account. Do not use a decongestant spray longer than directed, as rebound blockage can follow.

Seek urgent care for severe breathing trouble, chest pain, confusion, blue lips, or swelling around an eye. Arrange medical review for severe facial pain, symptoms that worsen after initial improvement, repeated episodes, dehydration, or congestion that disrupts sleep. A clinician can check for nasal inflammation, infection, or a structural blockage.

Does the pattern fit a cold, allergy, or sinus problem? Which medicine is safe with my health conditions? How long should I continue self-care before arranging a review?