Understanding the risk of Zika virus

Zika is mainly transmitted by infected daytime-biting mosquitoes. It can also pass through sex, including when the infected person has few or no symptoms. Many infections are mild or unnoticed, with possible fever, rash, red eyes, joint pain or headache. Infection during pregnancy can affect the developing baby, so pregnancy plans and recent travel matter.

A travel destination can have changing mosquito-borne infection risks. A travel health clinician can review your route, accommodation, season and activities rather than relying on a general label for a whole country.

Use an insect repellent suitable for you, wear clothing that covers skin, and stay in places with screens or air conditioning where possible. Reduce mosquito bites during the day as well as at night. After travel to an area with Zika risk, discuss pregnancy planning and sexual precautions with a clinician, especially if you are pregnant or your partner is pregnant.

Arrange a GP consultation if you develop fever, rash, red eyes or joint pain during or after travel to an area with Zika risk, and mention your dates and destinations. Seek urgent help for severe weakness, difficulty breathing, confusion, or new neurological symptoms. Pregnant travellers should contact their maternity or medical team promptly after relevant exposure.

Ask whether your itinerary carries Zika risk, which mosquito precautions suit you, how long sexual precautions should continue after travel, and whether testing or pregnancy follow-up is needed.