Ringworm and African American hair: what to know

Scalp ringworm is a fungal infection, not a problem caused by hair texture or skin colour. It may look like itchy, scaly patches, small black dots where hairs have broken, or areas that feel tender. The infection can spread through close contact and through shared combs, brushes, hats, scarves, pillows, or barbering tools. Hair styling products do not treat the fungus, and vigorous scratching can irritate the scalp further.

A clinician may examine the scalp and hairs and may take a sample if the appearance is unclear. Early assessment matters because untreated scalp infection can become inflamed and may affect hair growth.

Arrange a medical assessment rather than treating a suspected scalp infection with a body cream alone. Scalp ringworm commonly needs medicine taken by mouth because the fungus can be inside hair shafts; a clinician may also recommend an antifungal shampoo to reduce spread. Do not share hair tools, head coverings, or bedding while the infection is being assessed. Clean combs and brushes as directed, wash pillowcases and towels, and check household members or close contacts for itchy or scaly areas.

Keep the scalp gently clean and dry. Avoid picking, harsh chemicals, and tight styles over sore areas. Follow the prescribed course for the full duration, even if the scalp looks better sooner. Information about [Oral Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/oral-antifungal-therapy/) and [Topical Antifungal Treatment](/treatments/medical-dermatology/topical-antifungal-therapy/) can help you discuss options.

Seek prompt medical care for a painful, swollen, draining, or crusted scalp; fever; rapidly enlarging patches; marked tenderness; or sudden extensive hair breakage or loss. Urgent assessment is also sensible if a child is affected, if several people in the household have symptoms, or if treatment has not started to improve the scalp as expected. A [Skin Rash](/symptoms/skin-rash/) or [Scaly Skin](/symptoms/skin-scaling/) page may help you describe accompanying changes.

Ask whether the scalp and hair changes fit ringworm, whether testing is needed, which treatment reaches the hair shaft, how to care for braids or other styles during treatment, and whether close contacts or shared barbering equipment should be checked.